On paper, Bihar appears to have made solid economic progress. The state’s economy expanded from 2.5 trillion in 2011–12 to 8.5 trillion in 2023–24, and per capita income increased eightfold between 2004–05 and 2023–24. However, in reality, Bihar still ranks among India’s poorest states. Its weak performance in key human development indicators remains a serious concern and drags down India’s overal